Why is APEO harmful?
Toxicological characteristics are their hormone disruptive properties and the fact that they are toxic to aquatic organ- isms. Furthermore, APEO are very persistent and difficultly degradable in nature. These are all problem areas for waste- water treatment and discharging of wastewater into surface waters.
What is octylphenol ethoxylate made from?
Octylphenol Ethoxylates are nonionic surfactants composed of ethylene oxide adduct of Octylphenol. The high-mole Ethoxylates greater than 7 moles & above usually are soluble in water & also soluble in most Polar solvents.
What does APEO mean?
Alkylphenol ethoxylates (APEO) is the term used to describe the group of organic substances of which NPEO is one. These are mainly used as washing and cleaning agents (i.e. surfactants) and are used for textile and leather processing.
What does NPEO stand for?
NPEO
| Acronym | Definition |
|---|---|
| NPEO | North Pole Environmental Observatory (US NSF) |
| NPEO | Nonylphenol Polyethoxylate |
| NPEO | Nuclear Plant Equipment Operator |
Which is the best alkylphenol ethoxylates for stability?
The Solvay Igepal® range of alkylphenol ethoxylates are designed to improve stability performance of a wide range of polymer systems at the usage level of 0.5-3.0% (based on total monomers). The low ethoxylated Igepal products are also suitable for being used as the wetting agents.
Where does human exposure to alkylphenol ethoxylates occur?
Human exposure to alkylphenols and alkylphenol ethoxylates may occur through ingestion of contaminated foods (e.g., fish) and drinking water, and from contact with some personal care products and detergents.
What kind of chemicals are alkylphenols used for?
Alkylphenols are organic industrial chemicals used in the production of lubricating oil additives, laundry and dish detergents, emulsifiers, and solubilizers (Soares et al., 2008). Leping Ye, Ren-Shan Ge, in Vitamins & Hormones, 2014 Alkylphenols are used to make alkylphenol ethoxylates, which are widely used as industrial surfactants.
How are nonylphenol ethoxylates used in the environment?
Nonylphenol ethoxylates are more commonly used than octylphenol ethoxylates. The alkylphenol ethoxylates enter the environment through human use of products containing them, through sewage, and through manufacturing waste streams (Warhurst, 1995; Ying et al., 2002).
