What does IL-4 do to B cells?
IL-4 is a multifunctional cytokine with B-cell stimulatory and Th2-promoting properties. IL-4 can rescue B-cells from apoptosis, enhancing their survival,60 and is responsible for immunoglobulin isotype switching to IgG1 and IgE. A T-cell suppressor role for this cytokine has also been suggested.
What is the mechanism of action of cytokines?
Cytokine Mechanism of Action Cytokines bind to specific cell receptors on the out- side of target cells. Because these receptors are present on many different cell types, cytokines can affect a vast array of cells.
What is an interleukin 4 receptor alpha antagonist?
A monoclonal antibody used to treat moderate to severe atopic dermatitis, asthma, and nasal polyps accompanied by chronic rhinosinusitis in adolescents and adults.
Is IL-4 proinflammatory or anti inflammatory?
Interleukin-4 and IL-10 are pleiotropic anti-inflammatory cytokines that function mainly by suppressing the pro-inflammatory milieu. Several different immune cells that produce IL-4 are activated T cells, mast cells, basophils, eosinophils, and NKT cells (21, 22).
Is IL-4 a cytokine?
IL-4 is a cytokine that functions as a potent regulator of immunity secreted primarily by mast cells, Th2 cells, eosinophils and basophils.
What are the basic properties of cytokines?
Cytokines exhibit the attributes of pleiotropy, redundancy, synergy and antagonism. Pleiotropism refers to the ability of one cytokine to act on different cell types which action; fewer exhibit endocrine action allows a cytokine to mediate diverse biological effects (Fig. 8.4A).
Is IL-13 anti-inflammatory?
From these observations, it can be concluded that IL-13 is an antiinflammatory cytokine that plays a unique role in the induction and maintenance of IgE production and IgE-mediated allergic responses.
How does IL-4 bind to the IL-13 receptor?
Function. The binding of IL-4 or IL-13 to the IL-4 receptor on the surface of macrophages results in the alternative activation of those macrophages. Alternatively activated macrophages (AAMΦ) downregulate inflammatory mediators such as IFNγ during immune responses, particularly with regards to helminth infections.
What is the function of the interleukin 4 receptor?
IL4R is its human gene . This gene encodes the alpha chain of the interleukin-4 receptor, a type I transmembrane protein that can bind interleukin 4 and interleukin 13 to regulate IgE antibody production in B cells. Among T cells, the encoded protein also can bind interleukin 4 to promote differentiation of Th2 cells.
How are IL-4 and TNFα related to inflammation?
Interactions of IL-4 with TNFα promote structural changes to vascular endothelial cells, thus playing an important role in tissue inflammation. The binding of IL-4 or IL-13 to the IL-4 receptor on the surface of macrophages results in the alternative activation of those macrophages.
How does Interleukin 4 interact with IFNγ?
Alternatively activated macrophages (AAMΦ) downregulate inflammatory mediators such as IFNγ during immune responses, particularly with regards to helminth infections. Interleukin-4 receptor has been shown to interact with SHC1.
