What is the function of syncytiotrophoblast?

What is the function of syncytiotrophoblast?

The syncytiotrophoblast is the primary structure that determines which substances cross the placenta (e.g., nutrients and oxygen) and which substances do not (e.g., maternal hormones and certain toxins).

What is the significance of the syncytiotrophoblast What hormone does it produce?

The syncytiotrophoblast secretes progesterone and leptin in addition to human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and human placental lactogen (HPL); hCG prevents degeneration of the corpus luteum.

What hormone is produced by syncytiotrophoblast?

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) is aglycoprotein hormone synthesized in the rough ER (arows) of syncytiotrophoblasts immediately after implantation of the blastocyst into the uterine wall.

What is the role of syncytiotrophoblast during implantation?

The syncytiotrophoblast facilitates implantation of the blastocyst in the maternal endometrium by production of lytic enzymes and secretion of pro-apoptotic factors. Eventually, the expanding syncytiotrophoblast surrounds the embryo entirely.

What is the function of HCG hormone?

Function. HCG mediates its action through the LH/HCG receptor, and its major function is to maintain the progesterone production of corpus luteum during early pregnancy.

What are syncytiotrophoblast cells?

The syncytiotrophoblasts are a continuous, specialized layer of epithelial cells. They cover the entire surface of villous trees and are in direct contact with maternal blood. The surface area of syncytiotrophoblasts is about 5 square meters at 28 weeks’ gestation and reaches up to 11–12 square meters at term [1].

Where is progesterone secreted?

Progesterone is mainly secreted by the corpus luteum in the ovary during the second half of the menstrual cycle. It plays an important role in the menstrual cycle and in maintaining the early stages of pregnancy.

What is the most common site of implantation?

Implantation begins with apposition of the blastocyst at the uterine epithelium, generally about 2-4 days after the morula enters the uterine cavity. The implantation site in the human uterus is usually in the upper and posterior wall in the midsagittal plane.

Which hormones are not produced by placenta?

Hint:-LH hormones are secreted by the pituitary. That is not secreted by the human placenta.

What is the extraembryonic mesoderm derived from?

The extraembryonic mesoderm in human embryos is believed to form from the hypoblast (although trophoblast contribution is also plausible), while in mouse, it arises from the caudal end of the primitive streak.

What is the function of the syncytiotrophoblast in the placenta?

The syncytiotrophoblast is the site with the highest metabolic and endocrine activity in the placenta. The main function of this layer is the materno-fetal (and feto-maternal) transfer and its control, including ( Benirschke et al., 2006 ): Active transport of amino acids and electrolytes such as sodium and calcium,

What is the function of the pancreas endocrine system?

Figure 17.9.1 – Pancreas Pancreas endocrine function involves the secretion of insulin (produced by beta cells) and glucagon (produced by alpha cells) within the pancreatic islets. These two hormones regulate the rate of glucose metabolism in the body. The micrograph reveals pancreatic islets. LM × 760.

What kind of glycoprotein does the syncytiotrophoblast synthesize?

The syncytiotrophoblast synthesizes CG, a glycoprotein similar to LH synthesized by the pituitary gland. For details on the biochemistry of CG and its relation to LH and other glycoproteins, see Ogren and Talamantes (1994).

What happens when endothelial cells are shed in syncytiotrophoblast?

However, shedding of necrotic or proinflammatory debris has been shown to induce endothelial cell activation in vitro, and may be associated with the hypertensive pregnancy disorder preeclampsia.

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