What is a trochlea fracture?
Isolated trochlea fractures are rare but are frequently encountered in complete articular fractures of the distal humerus involving both the trochlea and capitellum. The trochlea forms the articular surface of the medial column of the elbow and is responsible for allowing ulnohumeral flexion and extension.
What is a Capitellar fracture?
Fractures of the capitellum occur in the coronal plane. Separating the capitellum from the lateral column, capitellar factures are the result of shear forces from a fall onto the outstretched hand or of a fall directly onto the elbow.
What is elbow capitellum?
The capitellum is the first ossification center in the elbow to ossify if development of the joint is normal. This center should have become apparent by two years of age.
What is medial epicondyle fracture?
A medial epicondyle fracture is an avulsion injury of the attachment of the common flexors of the forearm. The injury is usually extra-articular but can be sometimes associated with an elbow dislocation.
What is a monteggia fracture?
A Monteggia fracture-dislocation refers to dislocation of the radial head (proximal radioulnar joint) with fracture of the ulna.
What part of the ulna is considered the elbow?
The ulna extends past the humerus to form the tip of the elbow, known as the olecranon.
What is OCD in the elbow?
Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) of the outer elbow side of the arm bone, or capitellum, is a condition that results from repetitive trauma to the capitellum. It usually occurs in baseball players, but can occasionally happen in other athletes that throw overhead.
How long does medial epicondyle fracture take to heal?
Most often, these avulsion fractures will heal by placing the arm inside a cast for about 4 to 6 weeks, then following with physical therapy. Medial epicondyle avulsion fractures can be prevented by carefully following pitch speed and quantity guidelines, and resting the elbow between episodes of pitching.
What is the difference between Galeazzi and Monteggia fracture?
Monteggia fractures and Monteggia variants are fractures of the proximal 1/3 ulna with concomitant proximal radioulnar joint (PRUJ) disruption (evident by radiocapitellar subluxation or dislocation). Galeazzi fractures are fractures of the radial shaft with concomitant dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ).
How are capitellar and trochlear fractures classified?
The Dubberley and AO/ASIF classifications are currently widely accepted. According to the AO/ASIF classification, these fractures are grouped as 13 – B3 (distal part of the humerus, partial articular, on the frontal plane), with B3.1 indicating capitellar fractures, B3.2 trochlear fractures, and B3.3 capitellar and trochlear fractures [ 7 ].
What kind of osteotomy is needed for a trochlear fracture?
If a bigger part of the anterior trochlea is involved, an extensive lateral exposure with elbow subluxation is indicated. If also the posterior trochlea and/or the medial epicondyle are involved, then olecranon osteotomy is necessary.
Which is the correct classification of a dental fracture?
Dental Fracture Classification and ED Management 1 Ellis I: extends through enamel (radiopaque) 2 Ellis II: extends through dentin (less radiopaque; similar to bone) tender to touch/air visible yellow layer of dentin 3 Ellis III: extends through pulp (radiolucent) tender to touch/air visible pink/red area at center of tooth
What are the different types of dental trauma?
Classification by Ellis and Davey (1970) [2] Class 1 – Simple fracture of the crown-involving little or no dentin Class 2 – Extensive fracture of the crown – involving considerable dentin, but not the pulp Class 3 – Extensive fracture of the crown – involving considerable dentin, and exposing the dental pulp
