What is the example of Autopolyploid?
The cell or organisms in autopolyploid condition is called an autopolyploid. Natural autopolyploids are Tolmiea menzisii (piggyback plant) and Acipenser transmontanum (white sturgeon). In agricultural setting, autopolyploidy (particularly, autotriploidy) is applied in producing seedlessness in watermelon and bananas.
What is the difference between Autopolyploid and allopolyploid?
The main difference between autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy is that autopolyploidy is the containment of multiple sets of chromosomes that are derived from the same species whereas allopolyploidy is the containment of multiple sets of chromosomes that are derived from different species.
How do Allopolyploids arise?
Autopolyploids are produced by multiplication of the genome from a single species. Allopolyploids are typically derived from hybridization between two (or more) distantly related species and combine divergent genomes with their own chromosome complements.
Are humans Autopolyploids?
Recent polyploidization events are nearly unheard of in groups such as vertebrates but are very popular in plant groups such as angiosperms. In higher vertebrates such as humans, polyploids are strongly selected against.
How can Allopolyploidy directly cause speciation?
Allopolyploidy is when organisms contain two or more sets of chromosomes that are from different species. Allopolyploid offspring will have the genetic make-up for two different species, which makes it a hybrid and a different species from the parent species. The creation of a new species is known as speciation.
Are humans Allopolyploid?
Why are Allopolyploid hybrids usually sterile?
allopolyploid A polyploid organism, usually a plant, that contains multiple sets of chromosomes derived from different species. Hybrids are usually sterile, because they do not have sets of homologous chromosomes and therefore pairing cannot take place.
Are pineapples polyploidy?
Simple. Fruits like bananas and pineapples are called seedless polyploid fruit. That is because banana and pineapple flowers, when pollinated, form sterile seeds.
What can we say about speciation through allopolyploidy?
What is an example of allopolyploidy?
The cell or the organism in allopolyploidy state is referred to as allopolyploid. Wheat is an example of an allopolyploid with six chromosome sets. For instance, a cross between tetraploid wheat Triticum (AAAA) and rye Secale (BB) would produce a hybrid progeny with a chromosomal composition of AAB.
How are allopolyploids related to the process of speciation?
Allopolyploidy & Speciation. The creation of a new species is known as speciation. Almost all allopolyploids are infertile due to not having full sets of chromosomes. Full sets of chromosomes are needed for the pairing of chromosomes during the process of meiosis.
Why are autopolyploids so rare in the world?
The perceived extreme rarity of natural autopolyploids was attributed to concerns about chromosome pairing. Geneticists such as Stebbins maintained that in an autotetraploid, with every chromosome represented four times, normal chromosome pairing at meiosis would be difficult, and multivalent formation would lead to reduced fertility ( Fig. 7.2 ).
What is the difference between autopolyploidy and polyploidy?
Classically, polyploidy is classified into two extreme situations: autopolyploidy and allopolyploidy. An autotetraploid plant has four copies of the same chromosome set. In contrast, an allotetraploid or amphidiploid plant has two diploid sets of chromosomes derived from distinct species.
Which is plant group is most likely to have autopolyploidy?
Of course, autopolyploidy may be more prevalent in some plant groups than others; for example, several autopolyploids have been documented in the Saxifragaceae, whereas no unambiguous allotetraploids have yet been found in this group ( Soltis, 2004 ). T. RYAN GREGORY, BARBARA K. MABLE, in The Evolution of the Genome, 2005
