What are bureaucrats motivated by?
To motivate individual bureaucrats, governments typically use a combination of meritocratic recruitment, professional standards, laws and civil service codes, wages and bonuses, and long-term career rewards. Monetary awards, however, can be expensive to implement, particularly for developing country governments.
Why are presidents often frustrated with the bureaucracy?
Why are presidents often frustrated with the bureaucracy? Presidents have a number of ways to encourage bureaucratic compliance. Congress has a number of ways to encourage bureaucratic compliance.
What is bureaucratic discretion?
“Bureaucratic Discretion” refers to the authority exercised by members of the bureaucracy (unelected policy experts working within the executive branch) to carry out policy, deciding how it will be implemented.
What 3 factors define a bureaucracy?
Bureaucracies have four key characteristics: a clear hierarchy, specialization, a division of labor, and a set of formal rules, or standard operating procedures. America’s bureaucracy performs three primary functions to help the government run smoothly.
Why is bureaucracy often criticized?
Governmental bureaucracies are especially known for this. Critics of bureaucracy argue that mountains of paper and rules only slow an organization’s capacity to achieve stated goals. They also note that governmental red tape costs taxpayers both time and money.
Why do bureaucrats have discretion?
Laws may lack clear, concrete details on how they should be enacted, so the federal bureaucracy has discretionary authority to make decisions on what actions to take—or not take—when implementing laws, as well as rulemaking authority to create regulations about how government programs should operate.
Why is bureaucratic discretion important?
Discretion, that ability to decide how policies will be implemented, is a key component of bureaucratic power. Since agencies have a great deal of discretion (Rourke 1984), studies of policy effectiveness need to ex- amine what can occur when different implementation choices are made.
Which is the best description of a bureaucracy?
A bureaucracy is a system of organization noted for its size and complexity. Everything within a bureaucracy — responsibilities, jobs, and assignments — exists to achieve some goal. Bureaucracies are found at the federal, state, county, and municipal levels of government, and even large private corporations may be bureaucratically organized.
What does it mean to be a bureaucrat on Wikipedia?
For information about bureaucrats on Wikipedia, see Wikipedia:Bureaucrats. A bureaucrat is a member of a bureaucracy and can compose the administration of any organization of any size, although the term usually connotes someone within an institution of government or corporate.
Why are bureaucrats considered to be bad people?
Modern Bureaucrat – Bureaucrats gained increasingly negative reputations throughout the second half of the 20th century. As populations grow it becomes harder for bureaucratic systems to work because it often involves a lot of paperwork, which increases processing times, which eventually will be nearly impossible to manage.
What is the downside of specialization in a bureaucracy?
Specialization Workers in a bureaucracy perform specialized tasks that call for training and expertise. Trained personnel can accomplish their jobs efficiently. The downside of specialization is that bureaucrats often cannot (or refuse to) “work out of class” — that is, take on a task that is outside the scope of their job description.
