What does alternative splicing allow for?
Alternative splicing, or alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins.
How does alternative splicing affect proteins?
Alternative premessenger RNA splicing enables genes to generate more than one gene product. Splicing events that occur within protein coding regions have the potential to alter the biological function of the expressed protein and even to create new protein functions.
What does alternative splicing remove?
In alternative splicing, some sequences serve as exons under some conditions and are included in the final mRNA. At other times, however, the alternative-splicing process may exclude the same sequence, treating it as an intron and removing it from the mature mRNA.
What is the biological function of alternative splicing?
The overall function of alternative splicing is to increase the diversity of mRNAs expressed from the genome. Alternative splicing changes proteins encoded by mRNAs, which has profound functional effects.
What is an example of alternative splicing?
Alternative splicing is a powerful means of controlling gene expression and increasing protein diversity. The best example is the Drosophila Down syndrome cell adhesion molecule (Dscam) gene, which can generate 38,016 isoforms by the alternative splicing of 95 variable exons.
What is the process of alternative splicing?
Alternative splicing (AS) therefore is a process by which exons or portions of exons or noncoding regions within a pre-mRNA transcript are differentially joined or skipped, resulting in multiple protein isoforms being encoded by a single gene.
What are examples of gene splicing?
Table 1
| Disease | Gene | Type of splicing mutation |
|---|---|---|
| Ehlers-Danlos syndrome | COL5A1 | Acceptor splice site mutation |
| Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) | DMD | Donor splice site mutation |
| X-linked spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia tarda | TRAPPC2 | |
| Type V |
Where is gene splicing used?
Gene splicing is a post-transcriptional modification in which a single gene can code for multiple proteins. Gene Splicing is done in eukaryotes, prior to mRNA translation, by the differential inclusion or exclusion of regions of pre-mRNA. Gene splicing is an important source of protein diversity.
How many proteins can be produced by Alternative splicing?
Alternative splicing produces three protein isoforms. Alternative splicing, or alternative RNA splicing, or differential splicing, is an alternative splicing process during gene expression that allows a single gene to code for multiple proteins.
How is alternative splicing used to regulate gene expression?
Alternative splicing, or differential splicing, is a regulated process during gene expression that results in a single gene coding for multiple proteins. In this process, particular exons of a gene may be included within or excluded from the final, processed messenger RNA (mRNA) produced from that gene.
How are proteins translated from alternative spliced mRNAs?
Consequently, the proteins translated from alternatively spliced mRNAs will contain differences in their amino acid sequence and, often, in their biological functions (see Figure). Notably, alternative splicing allows the human genome to direct the synthesis of many more proteins than would be expected from its 20,000 protein-coding genes.
How is alternative splicing related to the development of cancer?
Abnormal splicing variants are also thought to contribute to the development of cancer, and splicing factor genes are frequently mutated in different types of cancer. Alternative splicing was first observed in 1977.
