What is Exophytic retinoblastoma?
This case demonstrates the 2 principal growth patterns of retinoblastoma—exophytic and endophytic—in the same eye. The exophytic pattern, in which the intraretinal tumor grows in the direction of the subretinal space, is exemplified by the large bilobed subretinal mass.
Which imaging modality would best determine the size of the retinoblastoma?
Computed tomography (CT) scan CT scans can help determine the size of a retinoblastoma tumor and how much it has spread within the eye and to nearby areas.
What are the differential diagnosis of retinoblastoma?
However, the differential diagnosis includes other entities such as a cataract, Coats’ disease, retinopathy of prematurity, toxocariasis, choroidal coloboma, vitreous hemorrhage, myelinated retinal nerve fibers, and other retinal tumors such as astrocytic hamartoma.
What is trilateral retinoblastoma?
Background: Trilateral retinoblastoma (TRB) is a syndrome consisting of unilateral or bilateral hereditary retinoblastoma (Rb) associated with an intracranial neuroblastic tumor. Although its incidence is low, the prognosis is very poor.
What does Exophytic mean?
Exophytic is a descriptive term used by radiologists/pathologists to describe solid organ lesions arising from the outer surface of the organ of origin.
Does retinoblastoma metastasize?
Cancer cells can spread from the retina to other parts of the body. This spread is called metastasis.
What is Pinealoblastoma?
Pineoblastoma is a type of cancerous (malignant) tumor that grows in a part of the brain known as the pineal gland. It occurs mainly in children.
Is an Exophytic cysts cancerous?
Pathologists use the word exophytic to describe both benign (non-cancerous) growths and malignant tumours (cancers). Exophytic is not a diagnosis by itself.
What is the difference between Exophytic and endophytic?
Exophytic tumors grow out from the mucosal surface in cauliflower-like clusters, while endophytic tumors crawl under the mucosa, carpeting the inferior of the distinct local structure.
What are the endophytic features of retinoblastoma?
The endophytic pattern, in which the tumor grows in the direction of the vitreous cavity and invades the inner retinal layers, is evidenced by several fluffy preretinal tumors with seeding into the vitreous ( Figure ). 1 – 3 Understanding these growth patterns is key to differentiating retinoblastoma from other simulating lesions in young children.
Which is an example of an exophytic tumor?
The exophytic pattern, in which the intraretinal tumor grows in the direction of the subretinal space, is exemplified by the large bilobed subretinal mass.
How did Knudson’s hypothesis relate to retinoblastoma?
The timing of tumor development between heritable and nonheritable retinoblastoma was an early clue for Knudson’s hypothesis. In 1984, the gene required for the development of retinoblastoma was mapped to a single locus by Murphree via linkage studies due to the association between 13q- syndrome and retinoblastoma.
How is retinoblastoma classified as a germline tumor?
Patients diagnosed with retinoblastoma are categorized by whether the mutation is germline (present in all cells of the body) or somatic (present in the tumor only). Laterality generally, but imperfectly, predicts whether the retinoblastoma is secondary to a germline or somatic mutation.
