What percentage of TB is drug resistant?
Of the estimated 480,000 cases of multidrug-resistant (MDR) TB, approximately 10% are either extensively drug-resistant (XDR)—with additional resistance to second-line drugs—or totally drug resistant. While TB is curable when patients adhere to the treatment regimen, MDR- and XDR-TB are more problematic.
Is resistance of tuberculosis to drugs Rare?
Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB) is a rare type of MDR TB that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin). Treating and curing drug-resistant TB is complicated.
Is Drug Resistant TB increasing?
Overall, TB deaths have dropped by 25% since the Global Fund was founded in 2002. Yet in 2020, disruptions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic could lead to an additional 525,000 deaths from TB. In addition, the drug-resistant forms of the disease could rise, complicating an already dire situation.
How common is MDR TB?
MDR-TB caused an estimated 600,000 new TB cases and 240,000 deaths in 2016 and MDR-TB accounts for 4.1% of all new TB cases and 19% of previously treated cases worldwide. Globally, most MDR-TB cases occur in South America, Southern Africa, India, China, and the former Soviet Union.
How do you know if your TB is drug resistant?
Drug resistance can be detected using special laboratory tests which test the bacteria for sensitivity to the drugs or detect resistance patterns. These tests can be molecular in type (such as Xpert MTB/RIF) or else culture-based.
What is the treatment for drug resistant TB?
Table 3
| Pattern of Drug Resistance | Suggested Regimen | Minimum Duration of Treatment (mo) |
|---|---|---|
| Rifampin and ethambutol (±streptomycin) | Isoniazid, pyrazinamide, fluoroquinolone, plus an injectable agent for at least the first 2–3 mo Or a fully oral MDR-TB regimen per WHO guidelines | 18 |
Where is drug resistant TB common?
The countries with the largest numbers of MDR/RR-TB cases (47% of the global total) were China, India and the Russian Federation. It is estimated that about 6.2% of these cases were XDR-TB.
What is extremely resistant TB resistant to?
Extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR TB) is a rare type of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) that is resistant to isoniazid and rifampin, plus any fluoroquinolone and at least one of three injectable second-line drugs (i.e., amikacin, kanamycin, or capreomycin).
How is drug-resistant TB diagnosed?
What are the different types of drug resistant TB?
Types of Drug-Resistant TB. Multidrug-Resistant TB (MDR TB) Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is caused by TB bacteria that is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two most potent TB drugs. These drugs are used to treat all persons with TB disease. TB experts should be consulted in the treatment of MDR TB.
What causes multidrug resistant TB ( MDR TB )?
Drug-resistant TB can occur when the drugs used to treat TB are misused or mismanaged. Multidrug-resistant TB (MDR TB) is caused by TB bacteria that is resistant to at least isoniazid and rifampin, the two most potent TB drugs.
What is the current rate of TB in the United States?
8,920: number of provisionally reported TB cases in the United States in 2019 (a rate of 2.7 per 100,000 persons) . The complete 2019 TB surveillance data report will be available in late 2020.
How can health care providers help prevent drug resistant TB?
Health care providers can help prevent drug-resistant TB by quickly diagnosing cases, following recommended treatment guidelines, monitoring patients’ response to treatment, and making sure therapy is completed.
