What do you mean by Arthus reaction?
: a hypersensitivity reaction that occurs several hours to days following the intradermal injection of a vaccine into an animal and is marked by the formation of antigen-antibody complexes accompanied by localized inflammation, pain, redness, and sometimes tissue destruction.
What is the Arthus reaction give examples?
Arthus reactions (type III hypersensitivity reactions) are rarely reported after vaccination and can occur after tetanus toxoid–containing or diphtheria toxoid–containing vaccines. An Arthus reaction is a local vasculitis associated with deposition of immune complexes and activation of complement.
Which vaccine causes Arthus?
Most case reports of vaccine-related Arthus reactions mainly caused by Toxin-antitoxin (12, 40.0%), HepB (8, 26.7%), and DTaP (4, 13.3%).
What is the difference between Arthus reaction and serum sickness?
Arthus reaction is caused due to the formation of antigen antibody complex which causes an inflammatory response. Serum sickness is also caused due to hypersensitivity created by antigen – antibody complex.
How long is Arthus reaction?
Arthus Reaction It generally develops over 6 to 12 hours if antibody levels are already high, or it can develop over several days (e.g., in serum sickness) as antibody levels increase and antigen persists.
What is hypersensitivity and types?
Hypersensitivity reactions can be classified into four types. Type I – IgE mediated immediate reaction. Type II- Antibody-mediated cytotoxic reaction (IgG or IgM antibodies) Type III- Immune complex-mediated reaction. Type IV- Cell-mediated, delayed hypersensitivity reaction.
What is wheal and flare?
The wheal and flare response is a descriptor used when talking about a two stage allergic response seen in Type 1 hypersensitivity. The first stage, called the wheal, is controlled by substances called acute phase mediators. The second stage, called the flare, is controlled by substances called late phase mediators.
How do you treat an Arthus reaction?
This reaction is characterized by pain, swelling, induration (Tissue that becomes firm) and edema, even accompanied by severe necrosis or ulceration at the injection sites. However, most of mild cases generally can be cured without treatment, and only severe cases need to be treated with anti-allergy.
What are the 5 types of hypersensitivity?
Gell and Coombs classification
| Type | Alternative names |
|---|---|
| I | Allergy Immediate Anaphylactic |
| II | Cytotoxic, Antibody-dependent |
| III | Immune complex |
| IV | Delayed, cell-mediated immune memory response, Antibody-independent |
What does a wheal mean?
Wheal: A raised, itchy (pruritic) area of skin that is sometimes an overt sign of allergy. Wheals reflect circumscribed dermal edema (fluid collection in the layer of skin below the surface). A wheal is also sometimes called a welt and often a hive.
What is the medical term for an Arthus reaction?
Arthus reaction. a rare, severe, immediate nonatopic hypersensitivity reaction to the injection of a foreign substance, that usually is not irritating but in certain individuals is antigenic.
Why does Arthus occur in Type III diabetics?
If the animal/patient was previously sensitized (has circulating antibody), an Arthus reaction occurs. Typical of most mechanisms of the type III hypersensitivity, Arthus manifests as local vasculitis due to deposition of IgG-based immune complexes in dermal blood vessels.
What do you mean by Arthus reaction in rabbits?
Arthus phenomenon – a form of immediate hypersensitivity observed in rabbits after injection of antigen to which the animal has already been sensitized and has specific IgG antibodies. Synonym (s): Arthus reaction Want to thank TFD for its existence?
What is the treatment for Arthus hypersensitivity reaction?
The treatment for type 3 hypersensitivity reactions is aimed at controlling the underlying disease. It often involves immunosuppression with systemic glucocorticoids and disease-modifying drugs, such as methotrexate, ciclosporin and cyclophosphamide.
